Asthma Treatment in Indore

Asthma - Treatment

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the airways, which is accompanied by hyperresponsiveness of the airways, obstruction, and symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, tightness in the chest, and breathlessness. Management is centred on alleviating symptoms, suppressing inflammation, preventing exacerbations, and improving quality of life.

1. Goals of Asthma Treatment

To relieve acute bronchospasm and respiratory distress

Reducing chronic airway inflammation

Avoid exacerbations or hospitalisations

Continue with regular activity and lung function

Reduce the side effects of medication

2. Causes

Allergens: Pollen, dust mites, moulds, and

Irritants: Smoke, Air Pollution, Odours

Respiratory infections: Viral upper respiratory infections

Exertion-related

Drugs: NSAIDs, Beta-blockers in sensitive patients

Cold air or weather change

3. Clinical Presentations

Wheezing and coughing episodes (often nighttime or early AM)

Difficulty breathing

Chest tightness

Symptoms caused by exercise, allergens, or infections

Severe attacks may be accompanied by difficulty speaking, accessory muscle use, and cyanosis.

C. Putnam

History and Physical Examination

Spirometry or Peak Flow Measurement: Reversible airway obstruction is seen.

Bronchoprovocation tests: Used for Exercise-induced Asthma & Allergy

Allergy tests: When allergens are suspected to be present

Chest X-ray: Generally unremarkable, useful for excluding other diagnoses

5. Treatment

A. Managing Acute Exacerbations

SABAs:

Salbutamol (Albuterol)

Prompt relief of bronchospasm

Oxygen therapy:

For hypoxia

Systemic cortic

Oral or IV prednisone or prednisone/PREDNIS

Monitoring:

Pulse oximetry, peak expiratory flow, and clinical observations

B. Long-Term (Maintenance)

Inhaled corticosteroids

Treatment of Persistent Asthma: First-Line Therapy

Decrease airway inflammation and prevent exacerbations

Long-acting beta-agon

Used with ICS in Moderate to Severe Asthma

Leukotriene receptor antagonists

E.g., montelukast; Pediatric and mild persistent asthma

Theoph

Extremely rarely used; only selected patients under close monitoring

Anti-IgE Therapy (

For severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled on ICS

D. Case Study

Eliminate Triggers (Allergens, Exposure to Smoke, &

Asthma Action Plan: To assist the patient & family in recognising & reacting to early symptoms

Vaccines: Influenza and pneumococcus vaccines to protect against respiratory infections

Breathing exercises: E.g., use of pursed lip breathing or physiotherapy in selected patients

6. Patient Education

Correct inhaler technique

Adherence to prescribed medications

Identify warning signs of worsening

Follow up regularly, monitor lung functions

7. Complications if Untreated

_Status asthmaticus (Life-threatening

Airway remodeling

A major

Less lung function

Frequent hospitalisation and school or work absenteeism

8. Pro

Effective management will promote patients to have normal levels of activity and adequately controlled symptoms

Early intervention and compliance with therapies prevent complications of a long-term nature

Conclusion

Care for patients with asthma is complex because

Acute relief: Short-acting bronchodilators, oxygen,

Controlling Asthma Over Time: Inhaled steroids, LABAs,

"The lifestyle and prevention measures are: Trigger avoidance, vaccinations, patient education" Severe Presentation: Biologic Therapies or Specialised Care